DrugEvidence

Drugs / Tacrolimus

Tacrolimus

Drug

Tacrolimus is marketed as Prograf and is a calcineurin-inhibitor immunosuppressant used in combination regimens to prevent allogeneic organ transplant rejection in liver, kidney, heart, and lung recipients. It remains a core transplant immunosuppressive therapy. U.S. initial approval was in 1994.

Trials
1008
Recruiting
69
Completed
595
With results
343

Last revised

Pipeline

Phase by status

PhaseRecruitingNot yetBy invitationActiveCompletedTerminatedWithdrawnSuspendedUnknownApproved for marketingNo longer availableTotal
Early Phase 1 111442 13
Phase 1 75535825 85
Phase 1/2 42341048 62
Phase 2 3462251784719110 322
Phase 2/3 7128727 34
Phase 3 525971246 131
Phase 4 643515919542 243
Not applicable 222386314 67
Unknown 3242111613 51

Trials started per year

2021
5
2022
22
2023
28
2024
22
2025
20
2026
26
2027
2

Conditions studied, by phase

ConditionEarly Phase 1Phase 1Phase 1/2Phase 2Phase 2/3Phase 3Phase 4Not applicableUnknownTotal
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute 2113791831 126
Myelodysplastic Syndromes 2014781631 123
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma 179701631 107
Graft vs Host Disease 7125139421 89
Leukemia 1412551121 86
Hodgkin Disease 111055221 81
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell 11458221 78
Lymphoma 111148231 76
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin 10654311 75
Multiple Myeloma 1121245131 75

Most active sponsors

#SponsorTrialsPhase 3
1Astellas Pharma Inc8340
2M.D. Anderson Cancer Center421
3Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center351
4National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)341
5Novartis Pharmaceuticals248
6City of Hope Medical Center230
7National Cancer Institute (NCI)170
8Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins160
9Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University140
10Veloxis Pharmaceuticals135

Most studied interventions

#InterventionTrials
1Tacrolimus1008
2Mycophenolic Acid360
3Cyclophosphamide194
4fludarabine phosphate150
5Cyclosporine132
6Sirolimus130
7Methotrexate127
8fludarabine119
9Whole-Body Irradiation106
10Busulfan104

Evidence

Results reported
57.6%343 of 595 completed
Published
14.6%87 of 595 completed
Primary endpoint met
32.5%37 of 114 analyses
Median months to report
16

Documents disclosed

Protocol available
159
Statistical analysis plan
156
PubMed citations
202

Trial profile

Median enrollment
49
Median duration
44.2months
Countries
64
Study sites
4592

Who is enrolled

Adults
981
Children
291
Older adults
810
Healthy volunteers
68

Median enrollment by phase

Early Phase 1
10
Phase 1
24
Phase 1/2
29
Phase 2
40
Phase 2/3
40
Phase 3
102
Phase 4
75
Not applicable
40
Unknown
126

Where trials run

United States
563
Germany
85
France
77
Canada
72
China
69
Spain
61
South Korea
55
Italy
51
United Kingdom
50
Belgium
39

Busiest cities

#CityCountryTrials
1New YorkUnited States103
2HoustonUnited States93
3ChicagoUnited States87
4PhiladelphiaUnited States86
5BostonUnited States84
6San FranciscoUnited States76
7BaltimoreUnited States67
8AtlantaUnited States66
9St LouisUnited States66
10SeattleUnited States65

Terminations

Terminated
112
Withdrawn
48
Suspended
4
Stopped for recruitment
5.3%53 of 1008 trials

Stated reasons

Other / unclear
75
Recruitment
53
Funding
23
Regulatory
4
Safety
3
Business decision
2
COVID-19
2
Lack of efficacy
2

Reasons are grouped from the sponsor's own wording with a rule-based classifier; the original text is shown below.

Recently stopped

TrialStatusStated reasonStopped
NCT07349771 Withdrawn Withdrawn Sponsor declined to fund study due to inability to agree on IP. 2033-06-01
NCT04961801 Withdrawn Withdrawn Manufacturer AstraZeneca withdrew the study due to lack of funding 2030-01-31
NCT02333162 Suspended Suspended Enrollment on hold pending amendment 2028-12-01
NCT06680661 Suspended Suspended insufficient funding 2028-10-31
NCT04415476 Withdrawn Withdrawn Study did not proceed to IRB approval. 2028-06-30
NCT05073822 Withdrawn Withdrawn Funding not secured 2027-02-20
NCT03605654 Withdrawn Withdrawn Lack of funding 2026-10-31
NCT03467386 Suspended Suspended accrual goal 2026-09-06
NCT03240822 Withdrawn Withdrawn Lack of Funding 2025-12-31
NCT03640026 Terminated Terminated Recruitment difficulties 2025-11-10

Trial records