DrugEvidence

Diseases / Pneumonia

Pneumonia

Disease

Pneumonia is an infection of one or both lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, leading to inflammation and fluid accumulation in alveoli with potential respiratory compromise.

Trials
1377
Recruiting
110
Completed
773
With results
136

Last revised

Pipeline

Phase by status

PhaseRecruitingNot yetBy invitationActiveCompletedTerminatedWithdrawnSuspendedUnknownNo longer availableTotal
Early Phase 1 2210 14
Phase 1 11126747 47
Phase 1/2 41536 28
Phase 2 5246818615 118
Phase 2/3 21126115 28
Phase 3 131391184314 147
Phase 4 371164114116 108
Not applicable 402038217191079 396
Unknown 4230182709911165 491

Trials started per year

2021
27
2022
60
2023
80
2024
100
2025
53
2026
61
2027
3
2028
1

Conditions studied, by phase

ConditionEarly Phase 1Phase 1Phase 1/2Phase 2Phase 2/3Phase 3Phase 4Not applicableUnknownTotal
Pneumonia 14472811828147108396491 1377
COVID-19 111344123273456 209
Community-Acquired Pneumonia 2151892334 92
Respiratory Tract Infections 141711461627 77
Sepsis 1121101545 75
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive 12162434 68
Infections 5171128329 66
Respiratory Distress Syndrome 259191327 66
Coronavirus Infections 47144111318 62
Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated 211151031113 56

Most active sponsors

#SponsorTrialsPhase 3
1Pfizer207
2Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris181
3GlaxoSmithKline136
4National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)132
5International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh123
6Bayer113
7Assiut University100
8Riphah International University100
9Massachusetts General Hospital90
10University of Oxford93

Most studied interventions

#InterventionTrials
1Amoxicillin27
2Standard of Care23
3Blood Specimen Collection22
4Azithromycin18
5Ceftriaxone15
6Moxifloxacin14
7Pneumococcal Vaccines14
8Saline Solution14
9Methylprednisolone13
10Zinc13

Evidence

Results reported
17.6%136 of 773 completed
Published
15.7%121 of 773 completed
Primary endpoint met
48.5%64 of 132 analyses
Median months to report
12

Documents disclosed

Protocol available
113
Statistical analysis plan
109
PubMed citations
466

Trial profile

Median enrollment
160
Median duration
22months
Countries
117
Study sites
6649

Who is enrolled

Adults
1102
Children
413
Older adults
1047
Healthy volunteers
230

Median enrollment by phase

Early Phase 1
37
Phase 1
32
Phase 1/2
44
Phase 2
64
Phase 2/3
158
Phase 3
408
Phase 4
158
Not applicable
120
Unknown
280

Where trials run

United States
325
France
120
China
101
Italy
69
Spain
68
United Kingdom
58
Canada
53
Germany
47
Brazil
45
Turkey (Türkiye)
45

Busiest cities

#CityCountryTrials
1HoustonUnited States47
2ParisFrance45
3BarcelonaSpain39
4BostonUnited States39
5ChicagoUnited States38
6MadridSpain38
7St LouisUnited States34
8New YorkUnited States30
9BaltimoreUnited States28
10CincinnatiUnited States26

Terminations

Terminated
91
Withdrawn
38
Suspended
6
Stopped for recruitment
1.7%23 of 1377 trials

Stated reasons

Other / unclear
66
Recruitment
23
COVID-19
16
Lack of efficacy
9
Funding
9
Business decision
5
Regulatory
5
Safety
2

Reasons are grouped from the sponsor's own wording with a rule-based classifier; the original text is shown below.

Recently stopped

TrialStatusStated reasonStopped
NCT04386070 Suspended Suspended Lack of IMP availability - may resume. 2027-03-01
NCT04761692 Withdrawn Withdrawn Study not funded 2026-12-31
NCT05765903 Withdrawn Withdrawn Significant protocol modifications needed for feasibility. This will require a version 2. 2026-09-30
NCT05340933 Withdrawn Withdrawn study discontinued 2026-09-01
NCT07071194 Withdrawn Withdrawn No plan to continue 2026-08-01
NCT04036721 Suspended Suspended SARS-CoV-2 cases stopped the recruitment in Organisation since July 2020 2026-02-01
NCT02298816 Withdrawn Withdrawn No patients enrolled 2025-12-31
NCT05847517 Terminated Terminated Persistently low recruitment of subjects 2025-10-06
NCT04193878 Terminated Terminated Per DSMB's review of interim analysis, the study has reached the pre-specified futility criteria 2025-07-22
NCT05531149 Terminated Terminated Unacceptable delay of trial completion Low recruitment rate 2025-05-05

Trial records

Individual study records live on ClinicalTrials.gov. A sample of the trials counted above:

Search all Pneumonia trials on ClinicalTrials.gov →