Drugs / Ketamine
Ketamine
DrugKetamine is a cyclohexanone-derived general anesthetic with analgesic and dissociative properties used in anesthesia, pain care, and depression-related treatment settings. It is pharmacologically an NMDA receptor antagonist with broader CNS effects. Ketamine was approved for use in the United States in 1970.
- Trials
- 1053
- Recruiting
- 97
- Completed
- 559
- With results
- 229
Last revised
Pipeline
Phase by status
| Phase | Recruiting | Not yet | By invitation | Active | Completed | Terminated | Withdrawn | Suspended | Unknown | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Early Phase 1 | 3 | — | — | 2 | 24 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 44 |
| Phase 1 | 9 | 4 | — | 1 | 52 | 14 | 4 | 1 | 11 | 96 |
| Phase 1/2 | 6 | 1 | — | 1 | 15 | 2 | 2 | — | 6 | 33 |
| Phase 2 | 20 | 7 | 1 | 5 | 77 | 20 | 9 | 4 | 12 | 155 |
| Phase 2/3 | 5 | 3 | — | — | 31 | 3 | 6 | — | 6 | 54 |
| Phase 3 | 16 | 5 | — | 6 | 39 | 10 | 9 | 3 | 22 | 110 |
| Phase 4 | 17 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 176 | 26 | 18 | 3 | 50 | 299 |
| Not applicable | 16 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 120 | 18 | 6 | 1 | 44 | 216 |
| Unknown | 5 | 2 | 3 | — | 25 | — | 3 | — | 8 | 46 |
Trials started per year
Conditions studied, by phase
| Condition | Early Phase 1 | Phase 1 | Phase 1/2 | Phase 2 | Phase 2/3 | Phase 3 | Phase 4 | Not applicable | Unknown | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression | 8 | 16 | 3 | 33 | 7 | 13 | 25 | 18 | 3 | 126 |
| Pain | 2 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 21 | 41 | 22 | 4 | 110 |
| Depressive Disorder, Major | 6 | 11 | 5 | 26 | 5 | 8 | 19 | 19 | 8 | 107 |
| Pain, Postoperative | 2 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 9 | 9 | 49 | 20 | 2 | 104 |
| Agnosia | 1 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 10 | 24 | 18 | 4 | 69 |
| Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant | 2 | 5 | — | 14 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 8 | 4 | 53 |
| Acute Pain | — | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 22 | 4 | 2 | 42 |
| Chronic Pain | — | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 37 |
| Suicidal Ideation | 4 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 5 | — | 35 |
| Bipolar Disorder | 2 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 32 |
Most active sponsors
| # | Sponsor | Trials | Phase 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Assiut University | 35 | 11 |
| 2 | Yale University | 26 | 0 |
| 3 | Ain Shams University | 22 | 4 |
| 4 | Cairo University | 15 | 3 |
| 5 | Massachusetts General Hospital | 15 | 2 |
| 6 | New York State Psychiatric Institute | 15 | 0 |
| 7 | Mayo Clinic | 14 | 1 |
| 8 | Zagazig University | 12 | 2 |
| 9 | Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris | 11 | 7 |
| 10 | Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai | 11 | 1 |
Most studied interventions
| # | Intervention | Trials |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ketamine | 1053 |
| 2 | Midazolam | 122 |
| 3 | Dexmedetomidine | 108 |
| 4 | Sodium Chloride | 101 |
| 5 | Saline Solution | 91 |
| 6 | Propofol | 84 |
| 7 | Fentanyl | 68 |
| 8 | Lidocaine | 53 |
| 9 | Bupivacaine | 38 |
| 10 | Morphine | 35 |
Evidence
- Results reported
- 41%229 of 559 completed
- Published
- 12%67 of 559 completed
- Primary endpoint met
- 22.8%41 of 180 analyses
- Median months to report
- 15
Documents disclosed
Trial profile
- Median enrollment
- 60
- Median duration
- 20months
- Countries
- 59
- Study sites
- 1112
Who is enrolled
Median enrollment by phase
- Early Phase 1
- 19
- Phase 1
- 28
- Phase 1/2
- 30
- Phase 2
- 41
- Phase 2/3
- 52
- Phase 3
- 60
- Phase 4
- 60
- Not applicable
- 61
- Unknown
- 87
Where trials run
Busiest cities
| # | City | Country | Trials |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | New York | United States | 57 |
| 2 | Cairo | Egypt | 47 |
| 3 | Boston | United States | 27 |
| 4 | Asyut | Egypt | 25 |
| 5 | New Haven | United States | 25 |
| 6 | Toronto | Canada | 20 |
| 7 | Houston | United States | 17 |
| 8 | Chicago | United States | 15 |
| 9 | Rochester | United States | 15 |
| 10 | Minneapolis | United States | 14 |
Terminations
- Terminated
- 97
- Withdrawn
- 62
- Suspended
- 13
- Stopped for recruitment
- 3.4%36 of 1053 trials
Stated reasons
Reasons are grouped from the sponsor's own wording with a rule-based classifier; the original text is shown below.
Recently stopped
| Trial | Status | Stated reason | Stopped |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT05945147 Withdrawn | Withdrawn | Lack of funding | 2099-05-31 |
| NCT06816433 Suspended | Suspended | Deferred at this time | 2029-07-31 |
| NCT04291521 Withdrawn | Withdrawn | PI left institution. | 2029-07-30 |
| NCT05991232 Withdrawn | Withdrawn | This study never started enrollment at this site. Delays in establishing the infrastructure for this project resulted in the funds no longer being available at this time. Should additional funds be secured, a separate study will be registered here. | 2029-04-30 |
| NCT06919198 Withdrawn | Withdrawn | IND application was not approved | 2028-08-31 |
| NCT07182032 Withdrawn | Withdrawn | Study never opened | 2028-06-30 |
| NCT04640636 Suspended | Suspended | The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office of Human Research Protections (OHRP) issued an FWA restriction on NYSPI research that also included a pause of human subjects research as of June 23, 2023. | 2028-03-31 |
| NCT06767566 Suspended | Suspended | Study is paused while preparing for implementation at IND Sponsor's new institution | 2028-03-31 |
| NCT06378528 Suspended | Suspended | Budgeting/funding | 2027-09-30 |
| NCT06429657 Suspended | Suspended | administrative hold at current open site and awaiting site startup at additional participating sites | 2027-06-30 |
Trial records
Individual study records live on ClinicalTrials.gov. A sample of the trials counted above: